The Impact of Transportation on the Environment Essay

The Impact of Transportation on the Environment - Essay Example From this paper it is clear thatâ the effect of the transportation business on the earth can be arranged into three classes, for example, direct effect, circuitous effect and combined effect. Direct effect manages quick results of transportation exercises on the earth where the circumstances and logical results relationship is plainly determined or clarified. Roundabout effect clarifies the optional  impact or impact of the transportation exercises on the environment.This exposition talks about thatâ the results of the aberrant effect are higher when contrasted with the outcomes of direct effect of transportation on the earth yet the connection between the direct and the circuitous effect of the transportation on the earth is hard to build up. Total effect can be considered as the multiplicative, added substance or synergic results of transportation exercises on the earth. The combined effects mull over the shifted or various effects of the transportation on the biological system which are commonly unusual in nature.  The transportation industry chose for conversation in this paper is shipping industry.  The shipping industry is regularly financed by open segment particularly through the upkeep and development of street foundation which is commonly liberated from get to. In created nations the natural guidelines have been forced by the administration to lessen the emanation of individual vehicles.

Wachovia information paper -- essays research papers

Are American CEOs Paid Too Much? Are American CEO’s overpaid? As I would like to think, they are. In America today, CEO’s of different organizations are known for their high position and for their significant pay. As indicated by the Business Journal, the normal CEO’s of a S&P 500 firm earned $2.7 million yearly in 1992. By 2000, the normal compensation for these CEOs expanded to in excess of 400 percent totaling to around $14 million every year. When contrasted with normal specialists, the boost in compensation is much progressively emotional. Is this expansion legitimate? In 1992, CEOs were paid multiple times the normal of hands on laborers. In 2004, this sum expanded to more than multiple times. As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the normal creation specialist fared less well in 2003. Their yearly compensation was $26,899 in 2003, up only 2.1% from 2002. The normal laborer brought home $517 in their week by week check in 2003; the normal huge organization CEO’s brought home $155,769 in their week after week pay. On the off chance that the lowest pay permitted by law had expanded as fast as CEO pay since 1990, it would be $15.71 every hour today. This is multiple occasions the present the lowest pay permitted by law of $5.15 60 minutes. While laborers are progressively on edge about their employer stability, and how they will pay the increasing expenses of everything from medical coverage to lodging, from school to gas, corporate administrators keep on separating themselves from the considerations and stresses of those they lead. It sends a poor message to request cost cutting from the plant floor, while costs in the ...

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What? So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What?Filing for bankruptcy isnt fun, but it can also mean a fresh start. People who are drowning in debt and unable to make their payments should strongly consider it.Your financial life is bound to be full of ups and downs. One day you’ll be celebrating a raise with a lovely dinner at a fancy restaurant only to have your car break down on the way home. The cost of the repairs wipes out the raise and then some, and now you’re worse off than when you started.Sometimes you end up with multiple downturns in a row. And if those downturns don’t have any upturns in between them, well, this is how people end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like title loans, payday loans, and cash advances) to make ends meetâ€"but only succeed in driving themselves even further into debt.As your debt grows, eventually it will get so big that you can no longer afford your payments. Forget paying that personal loan off ah ead of schedule, you cant pay it off  on-schedule! Once your money situation gets bad enough,  youll find yourself without many options.One of your few remaining options, however, could be filing for bankruptcy.And while bankruptcy sounds scary, the option exists to help you. So when should you consider bankruptcy? And what comes next you if you do decide to declare it?What is bankruptcy?Before we get into whether you should consider declaring bankruptcy, let’s just make sure we understand what it is. We’ll only address personal bankruptcy in this article, of which there are two primary kinds.The two main types of personal bankruptcy are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 allows you to discharge almost all of your debts, but you’ll have to pass a means test first to show your income is too low to actually pay those debts. You’ll also have to hand over whatever liquid assets you have to pay off as much debt as possible before it’s discharged.If your means are too great to pass the means test, you could still declare Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 bankruptcy will require you to submit a payment plan to a bankruptcy court, and if it’s approved, you’ll be able to pay off those debts over the next three to five years.So how do you know if it’s time for you to declare bankruptcy?How to know it’s time to declare bankruptcy.Declaring bankruptcy isn’t as easy as the television would have you believe. Every situation is different, so it’s important to examine whether bankruptcy is the best option in your personal situation. Ideally, you’ll want to consult a bankruptcy attorney to give you guidance.“In general, bankruptcy is a legal action in federal court meant to protect the consumer from his or her creditors,” explained Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS). “Most commonly, filers are trying to protect their home from foreclosure, but they may also be attempting to protect their vehicle (whic h is often a bad financial move) and, more importantly, their wages from garnishment.“If a consumer cannot pay their bills on their own, cannot negotiate better repayment terms with their creditors, and cannot work out a debt management plan with a nonprofit credit counseling agency (like those found at FCAA.org), bankruptcy is usually the nextâ€"and lastâ€"step.”If you do think bankruptcy could be right for you, there are a few steps you’ll have to go through.“Meet with a credit counseling agency approved by the US Department of Justice’s Executive Office of the US Trustee to complete a budget briefing and obtain the required certificate of credit counseling,” outlined Christensen. “The thought back in 2005 when Congress added this and other requirements to the bankruptcy filing process was that meeting with a credit counselor might hopefully steer some consumers away from bankruptcy if it was not necessary, and have them instead pay off 100 percent of their debts thr ough a credit counselor.“If bankruptcy is still the most logical step, the consumer either meets with a bankruptcy attorney or completes the court paperwork (each district court has its own fees required to pay with the petition, as well as its own fee waiver policies).“After the case is filed, the consumer must attend the 341 meeting of the creditors. Before the case is discharged and the consumer is relieved of his or her responsibility to pay the debts, he or she must complete a 2-hour debtor education course approved by the same US Department of Justice office.”And then you’ll have declared bankruptcy.So now what?You’ve successfully declared bankruptcy. What comes next?Leslie H. Tayne Esq. (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), offered some actions to take and suggestions for living that   post-bankruptcy life:“Bankruptcy stays on your credit report for up to 10 years, which could make getting new credit difficult for tha t period of time. Your credit score will definitely take a hit from filing bankruptcy, but how much it drops will depend on your individual situation. If you had good credit before filing, bankruptcy will likely have a more profound impact on your credit than if you had poor credit. It will take time for your credit to recover from bankruptcy. You may consider opening a secured credit card to start rebuilding.“If you have accounts discharged during bankruptcy, they will now have a zero balance but will show up as discharged on your credit report, which may be frowned upon by lenders and creditors. However, ‘discharged’ will likely be looked upon more favorably than an account that’s marked as unpaid or past due.“After you’ve filed for bankruptcy, you’ll need to get back on track and adjust to your new financial situation. The first step will be to sit down and rewrite your budget. Your budget may have been the root of the problem that led to bankruptcy in the first pla ce, so you’ll want to think critically and carefully when reviewing it. Take time to identify where the issues may have been and what you may be able to do to improve in those areas now that you have a chance for a fresh start.“Because you may have had trouble managing your finances previously, you may want to enlist some help after bankruptcy from a financial attorney or a financial expert to help you avoid falling back into the same habits.”You still have rights.Aside from the more general advice, there’s also a specific law you may want to familiarize yourself with.“Much of my practice consists of suing creditors and debt collectors for violating bankruptcy discharge orders or consumer protection laws, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and state consumer collection practices laws,” explained  consumer protection attorney  Donald E. Petersen.“Consumers who have dischar ged a debt in bankruptcy and surrendered any collateral securing the debt should not be receiving calls or letters from the creditor (or debt collector) about the discharged accounts.“The TCPA requires that companies using an Automated Telephone Dialing System (ATDS) or prerecorded or artificial voice when calling a cell phone must have the cell phone users prior express consent. Consumers who file bankruptcy typically provided the caller (or the callers principal or predecessor in interest) express consent by furnishing their cell phone number to the creditor.“If a creditor (or debt collector) continues to call about a debt that the consumer discharged, the consumer should tell them ‘stop calling me’ rather than ‘call my bankruptcy attorney.’  Here is why.“Many, if not most, bankruptcy courts will require the discharged creditors to pay the consumer very little compensation for the aggravation that the creditors constant calls and letters continue to cause. The TCPA, however, provides that once the borrower revokes consent (i.e, tells the caller ‘stop calling’) the caller is liable for $500 per call and, if the violation is willful, an additional amount of up to $1,000 or, equivalently, $ 1,500 per call.”Going into bankruptcy is never going to be fun. But if you’ve exhausted every other option, it can be the beginning of a brand new start. To learn more about how you can improve your financial situation moving forward, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of DebtNeed Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAuthor and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc . (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Donald E. Petersen  is an Orlando, Florida trial lawyer who represents consumers against companies who violate their rights under the  Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,  Fair Credit Reporting Act and other consumer protection laws.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experience in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Gro up  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What? So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What?Filing for bankruptcy isnt fun, but it can also mean a fresh start. People who are drowning in debt and unable to make their payments should strongly consider it.Your financial life is bound to be full of ups and downs. One day you’ll be celebrating a raise with a lovely dinner at a fancy restaurant only to have your car break down on the way home. The cost of the repairs wipes out the raise and then some, and now you’re worse off than when you started.Sometimes you end up with multiple downturns in a row. And if those downturns don’t have any upturns in between them, well, this is how people end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like title loans, payday loans, and cash advances) to make ends meetâ€"but only succeed in driving themselves even further into debt.As your debt grows, eventually it will get so big that you can no longer afford your payments. Forget paying that personal loan off ah ead of schedule, you cant pay it off  on-schedule! Once your money situation gets bad enough,  youll find yourself without many options.One of your few remaining options, however, could be filing for bankruptcy.And while bankruptcy sounds scary, the option exists to help you. So when should you consider bankruptcy? And what comes next you if you do decide to declare it?What is bankruptcy?Before we get into whether you should consider declaring bankruptcy, let’s just make sure we understand what it is. We’ll only address personal bankruptcy in this article, of which there are two primary kinds.The two main types of personal bankruptcy are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 allows you to discharge almost all of your debts, but you’ll have to pass a means test first to show your income is too low to actually pay those debts. You’ll also have to hand over whatever liquid assets you have to pay off as much debt as possible before it’s discharged.If your means are too great to pass the means test, you could still declare Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 bankruptcy will require you to submit a payment plan to a bankruptcy court, and if it’s approved, you’ll be able to pay off those debts over the next three to five years.So how do you know if it’s time for you to declare bankruptcy?How to know it’s time to declare bankruptcy.Declaring bankruptcy isn’t as easy as the television would have you believe. Every situation is different, so it’s important to examine whether bankruptcy is the best option in your personal situation. Ideally, you’ll want to consult a bankruptcy attorney to give you guidance.“In general, bankruptcy is a legal action in federal court meant to protect the consumer from his or her creditors,” explained Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS). “Most commonly, filers are trying to protect their home from foreclosure, but they may also be attempting to protect their vehicle (whic h is often a bad financial move) and, more importantly, their wages from garnishment.“If a consumer cannot pay their bills on their own, cannot negotiate better repayment terms with their creditors, and cannot work out a debt management plan with a nonprofit credit counseling agency (like those found at FCAA.org), bankruptcy is usually the nextâ€"and lastâ€"step.”If you do think bankruptcy could be right for you, there are a few steps you’ll have to go through.“Meet with a credit counseling agency approved by the US Department of Justice’s Executive Office of the US Trustee to complete a budget briefing and obtain the required certificate of credit counseling,” outlined Christensen. “The thought back in 2005 when Congress added this and other requirements to the bankruptcy filing process was that meeting with a credit counselor might hopefully steer some consumers away from bankruptcy if it was not necessary, and have them instead pay off 100 percent of their debts thr ough a credit counselor.“If bankruptcy is still the most logical step, the consumer either meets with a bankruptcy attorney or completes the court paperwork (each district court has its own fees required to pay with the petition, as well as its own fee waiver policies).“After the case is filed, the consumer must attend the 341 meeting of the creditors. Before the case is discharged and the consumer is relieved of his or her responsibility to pay the debts, he or she must complete a 2-hour debtor education course approved by the same US Department of Justice office.”And then you’ll have declared bankruptcy.So now what?You’ve successfully declared bankruptcy. What comes next?Leslie H. Tayne Esq. (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), offered some actions to take and suggestions for living that   post-bankruptcy life:“Bankruptcy stays on your credit report for up to 10 years, which could make getting new credit difficult for tha t period of time. Your credit score will definitely take a hit from filing bankruptcy, but how much it drops will depend on your individual situation. If you had good credit before filing, bankruptcy will likely have a more profound impact on your credit than if you had poor credit. It will take time for your credit to recover from bankruptcy. You may consider opening a secured credit card to start rebuilding.“If you have accounts discharged during bankruptcy, they will now have a zero balance but will show up as discharged on your credit report, which may be frowned upon by lenders and creditors. However, ‘discharged’ will likely be looked upon more favorably than an account that’s marked as unpaid or past due.“After you’ve filed for bankruptcy, you’ll need to get back on track and adjust to your new financial situation. The first step will be to sit down and rewrite your budget. Your budget may have been the root of the problem that led to bankruptcy in the first pla ce, so you’ll want to think critically and carefully when reviewing it. Take time to identify where the issues may have been and what you may be able to do to improve in those areas now that you have a chance for a fresh start.“Because you may have had trouble managing your finances previously, you may want to enlist some help after bankruptcy from a financial attorney or a financial expert to help you avoid falling back into the same habits.”You still have rights.Aside from the more general advice, there’s also a specific law you may want to familiarize yourself with.“Much of my practice consists of suing creditors and debt collectors for violating bankruptcy discharge orders or consumer protection laws, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and state consumer collection practices laws,” explained  consumer protection attorney  Donald E. Petersen.“Consumers who have dischar ged a debt in bankruptcy and surrendered any collateral securing the debt should not be receiving calls or letters from the creditor (or debt collector) about the discharged accounts.“The TCPA requires that companies using an Automated Telephone Dialing System (ATDS) or prerecorded or artificial voice when calling a cell phone must have the cell phone users prior express consent. Consumers who file bankruptcy typically provided the caller (or the callers principal or predecessor in interest) express consent by furnishing their cell phone number to the creditor.“If a creditor (or debt collector) continues to call about a debt that the consumer discharged, the consumer should tell them ‘stop calling me’ rather than ‘call my bankruptcy attorney.’  Here is why.“Many, if not most, bankruptcy courts will require the discharged creditors to pay the consumer very little compensation for the aggravation that the creditors constant calls and letters continue to cause. The TCPA, however, provides that once the borrower revokes consent (i.e, tells the caller ‘stop calling’) the caller is liable for $500 per call and, if the violation is willful, an additional amount of up to $1,000 or, equivalently, $ 1,500 per call.”Going into bankruptcy is never going to be fun. But if you’ve exhausted every other option, it can be the beginning of a brand new start. To learn more about how you can improve your financial situation moving forward, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of DebtNeed Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAuthor and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc . (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Donald E. Petersen  is an Orlando, Florida trial lawyer who represents consumers against companies who violate their rights under the  Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,  Fair Credit Reporting Act and other consumer protection laws.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experience in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Gro up  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

Essay on Bioethics - 1696 Words

Bioethics nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progress in the pharmacological, medical and biological sciences involves experimentation on all living species, including animals and humans. The effectiveness of medications investigative procedures and treatments must at some point be tested on animals and human beings. Although tests are conducted much more frequently on lab animals, especially those most related to humans, they do not provide sufficient information. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The history of medicine shows that there has always been a need for experimentation on human beings. Examples of these consist of the inoculation of Newgate prisoners in 1721, who had been condemned to death with Smallpox. In 1796, Edward Jenner, also†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since we are in Canada, there are two categories of law dealing with regulating experimentation. The first is Federal and Provincial Legislation. The second consists of documents, codes of ethics and reports, which while not necessarily enforceable, strongly urge researchers experiments on human subjects to observe certain standards of conduct. A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms governs here. Some of its provisions in effect make certain kinds of experiments illegal. quot;Any experimental activity which endangers the protected values is thereof illegal.quot;~ Another is according to current case law, quot;treatmentquot; may be broadly construed rather than being limited to therapy.~ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Criminal sanctions dealing with offences against the person make it possible to penalize those causing harm to a subject who has not given valid consent to an experiment. Explaining this, many experiments on humans are legal and performed everyday. No experiment is performed without a purpose. The most common is during surgery, the patients give valid consent to have experiments conducted on them during the operation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With respect to medications, citizens of Canada are given protection by the Food and Drug Act. These laws control new medications into the market. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Bioethics1126 Words   |  5 Pagespatient. In the 1960’s, it was proven that bioethics was the cornerstone of ethical issues and all of them were driven by problems stemming from advances in medicine and biology. These issues were moving from the old ways of medical ethics which brought about bioethics to capture these complexities. Bioethics captured this wide net moving from intimate doctor relationships at the patient’s bedside to making public decisions regarding healthcare. Bioethics engages in debates when it concerns patientRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Bioethics1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction. â€Å"Bioethics† has been used in the last twenty years to describe a study of ways in which decisions in medicine and science touch our health, lives, as well our society, and environment. Bioethics is concerned with questions about basic human values such as the rights to life and health, and the rightness or wrongness of certain developments in healthcare institutions, life technology, and medicine. For this week s assignment, I will conduct independent research for current bioethicalRead MoreBioethics And The Rest Of Us1982 Words   |  8 PagesBioethics and the rest of us What is Ethics? According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, it is a systematic study of what is right and wrong. This definition refers to the prehistoric times when men received laws in supernatural circumstances, like the code of Hammurabi and the Ten Commandments. They contained moral codes on human relationship. What is Bioethics? The term bioethics which has a Greek etymology, Bio-origin and Ethos –behaviour was coined in 1926 by Fritz Jahr, a German Protestant theologianRead MoreBioethics in Medicine, Exemplified by the Karen Ann Quinlan Case882 Words   |  4 PagesIt is accepted that the advances in resuscitation techniques, initiated and influenced the evolution of bioethics by bringing to the fore the questions of: (i) just allocation of scarce medical resource, health care (ii) the nature of â€Å"being†, and (iii) the proper purpose of medicine. The main issues that caused the emergence, or the study and introduction of bioethics was the introduction of modern technology in medicine in the form of respirators and artificial heart machines. The media attentionRead More Bioethics1895 Words   |  8 Pagesmore about what the treatment entails she might change her mind about it. References: Mappes, Thomas A., David Degrazia. Biomedical Ethics – Fifth Edition. Fairfield, PA: Mc-Graw Hill Higher Education. 2001 Robert, Jason Scott. Lecture. Bioethics. LSE 106, ASU, Tempe, AZ Read MoreEthical and Religious Article Reviews1132 Words   |  4 Pagesin later historical settings. Pence, Gregory E. Classic Cases in Medical Ethics: Accounts of Cases That Have Shaped Medical Ethics, with Philosophical, Legal, and Historical Bacgrounds. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill, 2004. EHRLICH, PAUL R. 2003. Bioethics: Are Our Priorities RightQuest. BioScience. 53, no. 12: 1207-1216. This article expresses how neither biologists nor non biologists in todays society square measure paying adequate attention to the escalating moral problems raised by the humanRead MoreHistory Of American Medical Ethics825 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of American medical ethics dates back four centuries (Baker, 2013), it is critical to differentiate between what was strictly medical ethics; the ethics between physician and patient, physician and physician, and physician and community versus bioethics: all of the aforementioned with the addition of scientific research involving human subjects â€Å"†¦in reaction to researchers’ exploitation of vulnerable populations, most notably the 399 African-American males deceived into serving as research subjectsRead MorePersuasive Speech : Physician Assisted Suicide1308 Words   |  6 Pagesunbelievable suffering as well as some terminally ill patients who are enduring lesser but still severe suffering need this legal right, for they cannot escape from their suffering without it† (Wellman, 23). i. Teresa Yao from The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly in the Autumn of 2016 stated that â€Å"two reasons – the avoidance of suffering and the exercise of individual autonomy – are the primary justifications cited by advocates of assisted suicide† (Yao, 386). b. According to Timothy Quill andRead MoreBioethical Issues on Genetically Modified Organisms (Gmos) in Malaysia: Biting Into the Legal Protection Under the Biosafety Act 20074399 Words   |  18 PagesAct in protecting such concerns representing wider societal interests and welfare, would in some ways, vanquish the protectionist principles the 2007 Act intended to uphold and the balancing role that the 2007 Act was intended to play. Keywords- Bioethics, Biotechnology, GMOs, Biosafety, Legal Protection. I. INTRODUCTION Biotechnology has become the major industry in the world in the last few decades with rapid advancements (Mike, 2007). However, the introduction of Genetically Modified OrganismsRead MoreEvolution of Medical Practice Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Cases IN BIOETHICS Fall, 2005 Professor Paul A. Lombardo Center for Biomedical Ethics Office: University Hospital, Davis 5337 Phone: 982-4227 pal8g@virginia.edu Texts 1) Great Cases in Bioethics, compiled edited by Paul A. Lombardo (2005) [available at the law school copy center] 2) Limits: The Role of Law in Bioethical Decisionmaking, by Roger B. Dworkin (Indiana, 1996) Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed the Practice

Apollo 11 Landing a Man on the Moon

In July  1969 the world watched as NASA  launched three men on a trip to land on the Moon. The mission was called Apollo 11. It was the culmination of a series of Gemini launches to Earth orbit, followed by Apollo  missions. In each one, astronauts tested and practiced the actions they needed  to make a trip to the Moon and come back safely.   Apollo 11 was launched on top of the of the most powerful rockets ever designed: the Saturn V. Today they are museum pieces, but back in the days of the Apollo  program, they were THE way to get to space.   First Steps The trip to the Moon was a first for the U.S., which was locked in a battle for space supremacy with the former Soviet Union  (now the Russian Federation).  The so-called Space Race began when the Soviets launched Sputnik on October 4, 1957. They followed up with other launches and succeeded in putting the first person in space, astronaut Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The U.S. president John F. Kennedy upped the stakes by announcing on September 12, 1962, that the countrys fledgling space program would put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. The most quoted part of his speech asserted as much:   We choose to go to the Moon. We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things not because they are easy, but because they are hard... That announcement set in place a race to bring the best scientists and engineers together. That required science education and a scientifically literate populace. And, by the end of the decade, when Apollo 11 touched down on the Moon, much of world was aware of the methods of space exploration. The mission was incredibly difficult. NASA had to build and launch a safe vehicle containing three astronauts. The  same command and lunar modules had to cross the distance between Earth and the Moon: 238,000 miles (384,000 kilometers). Then, it  had to be inserted into orbit around the Moon. The  lunar module had to separate and head for the lunar surface. After executing their surface mission, the astronauts had to return to lunar orbit and rejoin the command module for the trip back to Earth. The actual landing on the Moon on July 20th turned out to be more dangerous than everyone expected. The chosen landing site in Mare Tranquilitatis (Sea of Tranquility)  was covered with boulders.  Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had to maneuver to find a good place. (Astronaut Michael Collins stayed in orbit in the Command Module.)  With just a few seconds of fuel left, they landed safely and broadcast their first greeting back to a waiting Earth with Neil Armstrongs famous announcement that he and Aldrin were representing all mankind.   One Small Step... A few hours later, Neil Armstrong took the first steps out of the lander and onto the surface of the Moon. It was a momentous event watched by millions of people around the world. For most in the U.S., it was affirmation that the country had won the Space Race.   The Apollo 11 mission astronauts did the first science experiments on the Moon and gathered a collection of lunar rocks to bring back for study on Earth. They reported on what it was like to live and work in the lower gravity of the Moon, and gave people the first up-close look at our neighbor in space. And, they set the stage for more Apollo missions to explore the lunar surface.   Apollos Legacy The legacy of the Apollo 11 mission continues to be felt. Mission preparations and practices created for that trip are still in use, with modifications and refinements by astronauts around the world. Based on the first rocks brought back from the Moon, planners for such missions as LROC and LCROSS were able to plan their science investigations. We have an International Space Station, thousands of satellites in orbit, robot spacecraft have traversed the solar system to study distant worlds up close and personal. The space shuttle program, developed during the last years of the  Apollo  Moon  missions, took hundreds of people to space and accomplished great things. The astronauts and space agencies of other countries learned from NASA — and NASA learned from them as time went by. Space exploration began to feel more multi-cultural, which continues today. Yes, there were tragedies along the way: rocket explosions, fatal shuttle accidents, and launchpad deaths. But, the space agencies of the world learned from those mistakes and used their knowledge to advance their launch systems.   The most enduring return from the Apollo 11 mission is the knowledge that when humans put their minds to do a difficult project in space, they can do it. Going to space creates jobs, advances knowledge, and changes human beings. Every country with a space program knows this.  The technical expertise, the educational boosts, the increased interest in space are, in large part, legacies of the Apollo 11 mission. The first steps of July 20-21, 1969 reverberate from that time to this.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Dominican Republic and Haiti - 3970 Words

The Dominican Republic and Haiti Imagine yourself as a businessperson on a trip to the island of Hispaniola to check on how production is faring. You land in Santo Domingo to transfer to a short commuter flight to Port-au-Prince. During the flight, you gaze outside your window to admire the breathtaking view of the Sierra de Baoruco, with its luscious forests. As the plane approaches the Haiti-Dominican Republic border, you notice that the land has been completely denuded of trees directly on the other side of the border, creating a clear demarcation between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. This physical border is only one indication of the clear contrast between the two countries that share Hispaniola. According†¦show more content†¦During Napoleon’s reign in France, Napoleon sought to control the entire island of Hispaniola through control of Spain and the reacquisition of Haiti. Harsh rule by the governors-general induced loyalists to form the movement La Reconquista to rise up in order to restore Spanish sovereignty. (Metibag 91) Though the colony was returned to Spain in 1809, weak support led to a decay in colonial infrastructure, leading to a revolt, led by Josà © Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Cà ¡ceres and Don Manuel Carvajal, which declared â€Å"Spanish Haiti† independent. However, the new nation was vulnerable, and Boyer immediately seized on the opportunity to unite the island for security purposes, seeking to impose â€Å"Haitianization† on Santo Domingo economically and politically. Such aspects of â€Å"Haitianization† included abolition of slavery, land redistribution, settlement of Haitians, and forced cultivation of crops in a region dominated by cattle ranchers. (Moya Pons 123, 133) An insurrection group named los trinitarios seized on the discontent of the Dominican people in the 1830s and 1840s, leading to independence in 1844. (Black 19) The new republic was founded on anti-Haitianism in reaction to the occupation and control by a commercial bourgeoisie, which inevitably caused factioning among supporters of independence and protectionism by Spain. Authoritarianism was employed by the factions—the protectionists,Show MoreRelatedHaiti And The Dominican Republic Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The caribbean is where a small island, contains two countries within its borders and a long history of conflict. Haiti and the Dominican Republic are two different country, with completely different cultures, from religion, to the food they eat, Two countries, with two different, yet correlating stories. A story of conflict is what unites these two countries. 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Although many of these actions tookRead MoreThe Dominican Republic : A Deep Rooted History With The Country Of Haiti1615 Words   |  7 PagesOdlenika Joseph Professor Sharon Placide Global Society 22 November 2016 Semester Project Phase 3 – Final Paper The Dominican Republic (D.R.) has a deep-rooted history with the country of Haiti. This makes sense since they share the same Island. Yet, the culture, cuisine, and native languages are different and unique from one another. I was born in Haiti and spent a majority of my life living there until I immigrated to the United States with my parents. Although I have never been in the D.R. IRead MoreEhtnic Conflict between Dominican Republic and Haiti Essay2244 Words   |  9 PagesThe Dominican Republic and Haiti are two countries that share an island. The difficulties of two ethnicities sharing an island bring forth conflicts that stem from colonial times. Race, economics, politics and stigmas all play a role in ethnic conflict between these won cultures that have very different views on their roots. Prejudice, cultural identity issues and resentment towards Haitians is the reason why Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo massacred thousands of unarmed Haitians. This is whyRead MoreBlack in Latin America688 Words   |  3 PagesLatin America: Haiti and the dominican Republic 1) How did Haiti and the Dominican Republic begin? What European countries influenced the development of these nations? - Haiti and the Dominican Republic is an island with two countries of Hispaniola. Haiti makes up 1/3 of the island while the Dominican Republic makes up the rest of the 2/3 of the island. 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Tax Residency Status Period Commencing

Question: Describe about the Tax Residency Status for Period Commencing. Answer: Issue The relevant issue in the case is to opine on the tax residency status of Joan for the period commencing from January 2014 until her return to Australia in July 2016. Further, the implications of the tax residency status on the respective tax obligations also need to be highlighted. Relevant Law The subject of tax residency is dealt with in Section 6(1), ITAA 1936 which narrates the various test for the residency determination of individuals which have been elaborately explained in the tax ruling TR 98/17 (ATO, 1998). The tax residency determination is significant as in accordance with Section 6-5(2), ITAA 1997, for Australian tax residents, income from all sources (irrespective of the fact that it may be generated domestically or from abroad) would be considered for taxable income computation (Barkoczy, 2016). The relevant legislation and relevant ruling suggests that namely four tests may be applicable for tax residency determination as outlined below (Nethercott, Richardson Devos, 2016). Domicile Test Normal Test of Residency 183 day test Superannuation Test The relevant test from the above are discussed above. Domicile Test The domicile test is used for the tax residency determination of Australian residents. The essential conditions that the given taxpayer needs to comply within the given assessment year are highlighted below (Woellner, 2014). The taxpayer must be a holder of Australian domicile in a manner sanctioned under the Domicile Act 1982. Additionally, the permanent abode of the given taxpayer must be located within Australia at the time of assessment. The determination of domicile possession is a straight forward task with no ambiguity, however high subjectivity may be involved with regards to permanent abode location. In this regard, the critical factors to be taken into consideration for location determination are summarised below (ATO, 1991). The difference between the length of actual stay abroad compared to the intended stay duration abroad. The intent on taxpayers part to return to Australia after accomplishment of a defined task. The act of abandoning the residence in Australia. The act of establishing residence in a foreign country The continuity of the stay abroad along with the underlying duration. Further, as indicated by the verdict extended in the F.C. of T. v. Applegate (1979) 9 ATR 899 case, in the event the expected duration of stay is expected to be greater than 2 years, then for the period of stay abroad, the tax authorities tend to consider that the taxpayer has a permanent residence abroad even though there may be intention on taxpayers part to return to Australia at the completion of the obligation (Coleman et. al., 2016). Resides Test or Normal Test of Residency This test is primarily deployed for tax residency determination of foreign residents. This is primarily used for those individuals whose country of origin is not Australia but come to Australia for a variety of reasons. The underlying residency of these individuals is determined by considering the following factors (Barkoczy, 2016). Extent of significance for which taxpayer has come to Australia Extent of ties in various spheres such as professional and personal which taxpayer maintains in Australia Nature of social arrangement that the person has in place when in Australia. The stay duration in Australia and the visit frequency to country of origin during the assessment period. Fact and Application The relevant facts related to the given situation are outlined below. Joan is an Australian resident and works for an Australian company based out of Melbourne as the chief accountant. In January 2014, Joan is entrusted with the task of establishing a factory for the employer in Vietnam for which, she goes to Vietnam with her husband. However her son continued stay in the Melbourne located family home. The couple has intention to return to Australia post the establishment of factory which would take three to four years. Joans husband gets employment in Vietnam and also an apartment is leased for four years. Joan returned to Australia in January 2016 after which she went to a Europe trip for six months before returning to Australia in July, 2016. For the whole period i.e. from January 2014 to July 2016, the Australian domicile of Joan was intact as intention to return in Australia was always intact. Tax residency status FY2014 While the domicile condition is met being an Australian resident, but since Joans expected stay in Vietnam is expected to be longer than 2 years, hence it is fair to expect that there has been a shift in the permanent abode from Australia to Vietnam as apparent from IT 2650. Hence, for FY2014, Joan would be considered a foreign tax resident. Additional proof to this is provided by the fact that both have started socialising in Vietnam indicating the intent to stay in Vietnam for long. Tax residency status FY2015 While the domicile condition is met being an Australian resident, but since Joans expected stay in Vietnam is expected to be longer than 2 years, hence it is fair to expect that there has been a shift in the permanent abode from Australia to Vietnam as apparent from IT 2650. Also, Joans husband has found an employment in Vietnam only. Further, during the year Joan did not visit even once to Australia. Hence, for FY2015, Joan would be considered a foreign tax resident. Tax residency status FY2016 While the intended stay duration was 3 to 4 years, Joan finished her professional obligation earlier and returned in January 2016. Besides, considering the presence of son, job for Australian company and house in Melbourne, significant ties are maintained in Australia. The Europe trip of six months is done with the intent of a casual traveller since Joan keeps moving from one city to the other and hence this purpose is not significant. Thus, in line with the domicile test and the resides test, it would be fair to conclude that Joan for this year would be an Australian tax resident. Income tax implications For the period from January 1, 2014 to June 30, 2015, the employment income is derived from Vietnam and hence would not be taxable in Australia as per Section 6-5(3). However, as per Section 6-5(2), for FY2016, the employment income would be taxable in Australia. References ATO 1991, IT 2650, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?Docid=ITR/IT2650/NAT/ATO/00001 (Accessed on October 4, 2016) ATO 1998, TR 98/17, Australian Taxation Office, Available online from https://www.ato.gov.au/law/view/document?Docid=TXR/TR9817/NAT/ATO/00001 (Accessed on October 4, 2016) Barkoczy,S 2016,Foundation of Taxation Law 2015,8th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde Coleman C, Hart G, Jogarajan S, Krever R McLaren J, Sadiq K 2016, 9th eds., Principles of Taxation Law, Thompson Reuters, Sydney Nethercott, L, Richardson, G Devos, K 2016, Australian Taxation Study Manual 2016, 4th ed., Oxford University Press, Sydney Woellner, R 2014, Australian taxation law 2014, 8th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde

Analysis of Jims story of Po little Lizabeth in Huck Finn

Analysis of Jims story of Po little Lizabeth in Huck Finn How the passage conveys a theme:Through vivid imagery, situational irony, and a powerful emotional sequence, Twain gives the reader a memorable scene, one which conveys a powerful theme. Essentially, we see Jim, apparently a loving father, not even knowing his own daughter; he doesn't realize she is deaf and thus sends her "a-sprawlin'" across the room when she doesn't obey his command of shutting the door. It is situational irony; a person supposed to know this little girl the best doesn't at all. More importantly, Twain crafts the scene in a way that makes the reader slow down when he reads it; this is powerful as it allows the reader to focus on the vivid imagery of the scene. We see Jim busting out crying, grabbing his little daughter in his arms, regretting his actions and repenting for his sins. This imagery focuses on a major themeJim, a slave, has feelings too.Anti-Stratfordian Mark Twain, wrote "Is Shakespear...Thus, in Jim's narrative, Huck begins to see that even though he is a slave, Jim has strong familial ties and powerful emotions, and this is possibly a turning point in the novel regarding Huck and Jim's relationship. Twain accomplishes all of this in a simple, yet very emotionally powerful narrative.Message it sends to Twain's reader of 1884:Although slavery had been abolished by 1884, racism still existed. By portraying Jim with feelings (he was extremely sad and regretted slapping his daughter), Twain suggests that African-Americans are completely equal to whites. This is an eye opening passage, and Twain utilizes a sad narrative to show the reader of 1884 that blacks are equal to whitesnot just that they should be by law, but that they really are, and he uses Jim's emotion to show this.Message it creates for...

The eNotes Blog Home, Hearth, and Holidays Writers Homes and HolidayReflections

Home, Hearth, and Holidays Writers Homes and HolidayReflections At Christmas, all roads lead home.†Ã‚  ~ Marjorie Holmes, one of the sixteen founders of  Alpha Kappa Alpha  Sorority, Incorporated, at  Howard University  in Washington, DC. It was the first sorority founded by African American women.   Christmas, of   course, is a time of homecoming.   Here are some reflections of writers and images of their personal homes on this season of family and familiarity: Charles Dickens summer home:  The author wrote part of his novel David Copperfield and the BBC reports he also is believed  to have planned Bleak House there. I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round, as a good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable time; the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys. ~ from   A Christmas Carol E.M. Forsters home:   According to  London: City of Words, Forster lodged in this hotel from 1902 to 1904. While here he wrote part of his Italian novels,  Where Angels Fear to Tread  and  A Room With A View, which were published in 1905 and 1908 respectively. I do like Christmas on the whole. In its clumsy way, it does approach Peace and Goodwill. But it is clumsier every year. Washington Irving purchased his   home, Sunnyside, in 1835. It remained in his family until 1945. Christmas is the season for kindling the fire of hospitality in the hall, the genial flame of charity in the heart. Henry Wadsworth  Longfellows home:  Ã‚  Peleg and Elizabeth Wadsworth  raised ten children in the house before retiring to the family farm in Hiram, Maine, in 1807 I heard the bells on Christmas Day Their old, familiar carols play, And wild and sweet The words repeat Of peace on earth, good-will to men! If you havent heard John Gorkas musical interpretation of this poem, give it a listen: E.B. Whites home (Charolettes Web), Brooklin, Maine: To perceive Christmas through its wrapping becomes more difficult with every year. Theodore Geisel (Dr. Seuss) home, built in 1922, La Jolla, California: Maybe Christmas,† he thought, â€Å"doesn’t come from a store. Maybe Christmas†¦ perhaps†¦ means a little bit more.† ~ from  How the Grinch Stole Christmas   Charles Schultzs home: Napa, California Christmas is doing a little something extra for someone.†

London ships of historic interest partnership Essay - 1

London ships of historic interest partnership - Essay Example From the fact that Britain is a maritime country, the income of most of the citizens is derived from maritime activity. The London’s ships partnership has a major obligation of increasing the maritime activity and the number of visitors coming to the country. This has to be done through enacting various strategies and ways. The partnership should make the whole world aware of the existence of the historic ships and the uniqueness in them. This paper will explore how the partnership can increase the global awareness of the uniqueness and existence of the historic ships in London, means and ways to tap into the market and PEST analysis in relation to the same. The paper is to explore the best marketing mix in international and global marketing especially during overseas expansion. The main objective is to identify the most appropriate international market place to target to ensure tourists are aware of the brand and will view the member vessels as must see attractions when they visit London. The subsidiary objectives are as stipulated below: Tourism is a major player in the economy of Britain with tourist coming from both local and international markets. This has boosted the economy of the country and efforts to increase the tourist volume are being put in place each and every day. The London ships of historic interest partnership being a major player has also implemented actions to increase awareness among the residents and foreigners of the tourism facilities available. This has boosted the tourism industry in a major way. International tourists are well informed of existence of the maritime tourism and are well aware of the kind of tourism facilities they are to view and interact with when they pay a visit to the city of London. There are various factors both internal and external that have contributed to the success of the organization in response to marine tourism. The coming

Indian folk dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Indian folk dance - Essay Example Folk dances are the essential elements of almost every important event of Indian social life and celebration. Despite their extreme simplicity, all folk dances tend to convey certain messages to the community they belong to with regard to their history or survival. As mentioned in the introduction, one of the important features of all Indian folk dances is their simplicity. Dancers normally wear colorful costumes having creative designs and symbols. They also wear extensive jewels which obviously enhance the performance and overall appeal. Though not classical in nature, Indian folk dances are evidently creative works that comprise certain artistic steps and postures. These steps are usually accompanied by rhythmic composition of some primitive musical instruments. Unlike classical dances, folk dances are cherished by common people to express their joy on different occasions. To be more specific, folk dances maintain a social perspective rather than the mere manifestation of individual emotions. Bhangra: Bhangra is a lively folk dance originated from Punjab and is highly associated with harvest celebrations of the state. Therefore, normally it is performed on April 13, the day of Baishaki. The dance is accompanied by Punjabi Boliyaan lyrics and drum beats. The drummer plays a vital role in enhancing the tempo of dancers’ movements. The costume of Bhangra dancers reflects the typical Punjabi outfit. In addition to the traditional turban on head, they wear colorful waistcoat and ‘ghunghroos’ on ankles; and Bhangra, fondly called ‘Shaan of Punjab’ was introduced to Vancouver during the 1st international Sports and Cultural Festival (Dances of India). Although Bhangra songs have been a major influence on the Indian film industry Bollywood for decades, obviously Bhangra has got mixed with western classical music. As Huq (121) points out, a bhangra/hip hop crossover has been visible in the UK produced rap for the recent years. According to the writer, the bhangra beats and Punjabi lyrics have been a major influence on western world of music since 1980s. In other words, Bhangra has been highly influenced by the various dance periods mainly because of its vulnerability to amalgamate with other cultures and art forms. For instance, as Roy (22) argues, contemporary bhangra fails to reflect its primitive folk origin or other classificatory boundaries. Obviously bhangra has become a popular art despite its Indian origin as a primitive folk dance. Padayani: this is one of the important traditional folk dances said to have promoted by some temples of Southern Kerala in India. The most fascinating feature of this art is the ‘Kolam†™, the huge mask which is the imitation of some divine and semi divine characters including Bhairavi, Kali, Kalan, Yakshi etc. The masks or chest-covers the performers wear are extremely huge so that no one can identify the persons. Although researchers are deeply at odds, the origin of Padayani traces back to several centuries. As reported in The Hindu, some are of the opinion that Padayani originated

Economic Development of East Asia

Economic Development of East Asia The East Asia Miracle: Lessons for the developing countries The East Asia region has been drawing global attention as fruits of its growth and development over the past thirty years continuously awe many. The most successful developing countries over the last half century apparently have come form this region. ­Ã‚  [1]  It has a remarkable record of high and sustained economic growth as 23 economies in it grew faster that those in other parts of the world.  [2]  However, when the Asian Financial Crisis hit this region in 1997 some structural and institutional weaknesses have cast doubt on the East Asian Miracle. Hasty recovery and resiliency which the region revealed in fighting off and prevailing over most of the negative drawbacks brought by the crisis was enough to sustain the belief in the miracle. Although East Asian economies applied varying strategies in their economic development, a salient and strong factor common to all is the presence and the role of the government in their development. East Asian countries have assume d a role of a developmental state in which the government played an important hands-on role in the process of industrialization and economic development.  [3]   Thus, understanding the economic development and experiences of East Asia may offer helpful lessons that other developing countries trapped in stagnation may want to consider. According to Thorbecke and Wan (2004) there are two critical factors and corresponding phases of development that occurred in East Asia. First, countries need to reach first a take-off point which emphasizes on promotion of education, to build up on human capital and the promotion of the agricultural sector in order to eventually finance investments on physical infrastructure. The second phase, development calls for industrialization that brings structural and technological upgrading.  [4]   First lesson implied in the first phase of development is that economic development cannot be hurried. There are certain processes that need to be readied before countries reach the take-off point. At the beginning of the development process a country is predominantly agrarian and the economy is relatively closed.  [5]  East Asian governments understood that the major mechanism for obtaining the resources needed to escape the poverty trap and for industrialization was through and inter-sectoral transfer out of agriculture. The major role of the agricultural sector was to generate the necessary capital to finance the outset of the industrialization process.  [6]  The main lesson to be drawn from the experience was summarized by Thorbecke and Morrison cited in the Revisiting East and (South East) Asias development model (2004): A lesson learned from those countries which were most successful in achieving both growth and equity throughout their development history (e.g. Taiwan and South Korea) is that a continuing gross flow of resources should be provided to agriculture in the form of such elements as irrigation, inputs, research and credit, combined with appropriate institutions and price policies to increase this sectors productivity and potential capacity of contributing an even larger flow to the rest of the economy In addition, the East Asian countries invested heavily on universal education with a long-term goal in mind. They spread of education in the rural areas provided farmers and their children the skills they need to operate in non-farming activities after the take-off.  [7]  They sponsored education of technical skills in the college level. This strategy resulted in a very competitive labor force able to man their industries.  [8]   In the second phase, East Asian economies recognized that the international economy is highly interdependent and that a development process of interdependence is much more favorable than individual growth.  [9]  Interaction among countries lets in trade, investment and technology transfer. East Asian economies took advantage of the positive spill over effects the interactions brought with it. It should be noted however that Thorbecke and Wan perceived of openness as a necessary yet insufficient condition for successful development. Catching up though is impossible without openness.  [10]   In an increasingly interdependent world, competition is much potent. To ensure high economic growth rate major structural changes like industrialization should undertaken. Structural changes needed by less developed countries require acquisition of technology. This is a step familiar to East Asian economies. They took advantage of the technology and knowledge transfer by making their countries attractive to foreign direct investments; they became subcontractors of high-tech firms and studied how they can localize the ideas and eventually create their own. Case in point is Taiwan which invested in industrial parks and attracted many foreign firms.  [11]  They acquired technology and idea transfer from joint ventures and foreign direct investments. Policies also played a great role in the development of East Asian economies. Although there are certain differences in the initial conditions for development and growth, economic development and growth pattern that East Asian economies that are common to them also is linked to growth factors and the policy system they adopted.  [12]   East Asian economies have growth led by investments, exports and enforcing of sound policies to support their industries. Moreover, the governments in East Asian countries are very much involved and unhesitatingly intervene in the market-oriented economies.  [13]  The role of the government is to maintain macroeconomic stability, overcome possible coordination failure and act as an intermediary in promoting growth initiations.  [14]  The economic system was based on wide ranging cooperative relationship between government and the local and transnational firms based in their country.  [15]   The industrial policies enforced seek to encourage the development of industries through various government measures such as tax incentives, Research and Development subsidies, credit allocation and protection against foreign imports.  [16]  In addition, the export-oriented industries did not develop without these particular measures of the government to accelerate investment in such industries; provision of infrastructure, universal education.  [17]  The role of the government was mainly to set up institutional policy foundations required for growth and overcoming coordination failures that can stop a the economy from flourishing.  [18]   The Asian Financial Crisis unearthed and exposed certain weaknesses of the East Asian economic model. Weak and inefficient financial systems, lack of corporate transparency and accountability, and widespread corruption became apparent after the crisis broke out.  [19]  This occurrence explicitly calls for constant improvement on institutions in the country which serves as the pillar of economic development. This is a lesson not only for developing countries but for the East Asian economies as well. The East Asia economic development model is applicable to the Philippines to a certain extent. The former policies and steps undertaken needed to be modified to suit the condition of the Philippines. The Philippines can consider setting its neighbors and the East Asia Miracle as benchmark of development and a goal to be achieved. The Philippines always has to remember that East Asian economies started modestly and took advantage and cultivated the initial conditions and resource endowments to their advantage. A step back to reexamine where the Philippines went wrong, why it seems to be experiencing a prolonged period at the take-off stage, would be a humble at the same time brave gesture on the part of the countries leaders. Although it may be too late to shift the focus back on agriculture because of changing conditions, it is still important that the government invest in infrastructure (i.e. farm-to-market roads) and R D as many in the country still rely on agriculture for a living ._ If it is possible that the government nurture the current industries it has and the agricultural sector at the same may be beneficial for the country. The Philippines have a lot of catching up to do, the East Asian miracle may also come true for the Philippines if it would only reconsider some of the policies being implemented and strengthen its institutions that would foster economic development. Sources: Chang, H. The Economic Theory of the Developmental State. 182-199. East Asia Analytical Unit. The Philippines: Beyond the Crisis . Manila: Department of Foreign  Affairs, 1998. Page, John. The East Asian Miracle: Four Lessons for Development Policy. NBER  Macroeconomics Annual, 1994: 219-269. Park, Jong. The East Asian Model of Economic development and developing countries.  Journal of Developing Societies, 2002: 330-335. Sakurai, Makoto. The Sustainable Development of East Asia and accompanying issues.  Economic and Social Research Institute, 2003. Thorbecke, E, and H Wan. Revisiting East and (South East) Asias development model. Cornell Conference on Seventy five years of Development. New York, 2004. 1-38. Wade. Lessons from East Asias Development Experience. 2005.

catcher in the rye :: essays research papers

Holden’s True Love Children: spirited, loveable, cute, and something that a society could not live without. But when ones life is so rotated around children like JD Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye character, Holden, one loses all conscious and can only find happiness when with children or thinking about them. Holden can only find genuine love in children, for they have not learned the dreadful prerequisite of life, â€Å"phonieness.† He hates the artificiality that adults eventually acquire because all his good memories remain in his youth and his life with young children his age. This characteristic of Holden is shown throughout the book, particularly with his love for Phoebe, his helping the innocent children who are unable to help themselves, and his love for Jane at their age of serenity and ignorance! Holden shows his love for Phoebe by continuously thinking about her and requiring for her company. The only gift we have ever seen given by Holden was his record purchase for Phoebe. â€Å"Besides, I wanted to find a record store that was open on Sunday. There was this record I wanted to get for Phoebe, called ‘Little Shirely Beans.’ It was a very hard record to get (114).† This is one example of Holden’s thought and love for Phoebe. We can believe that he only views Phoebe as one who deserves gifts in all the people that he knows. A great example of his love for Phoebe is how he risks showing himself at his own home just to see his sister. â€Å"Anyway, I went into D.B’s room quiet as hell, and turned on the lamp on the desk. Old Phoebe didn’t even wake up†¦ My mother, she has ears like a goddam bloodhound (159).† Holden takes this risk, a risk that could cost him much more then a week of hell. His love for his sister’s com pany is obvious by this and there is no denying that he would have never taken this risk if he found himself having a phony and older sister. What separates Phoebe from all of the rest of the phony people is by how â€Å"straight-up† she is. She gets to the point and she doesn’t try to squiggle out of the situation. This is proven when she says, â€Å"’How come you’re not home Wednesday?’ ‘What?’†¦ ‘How come you’re not home Wednesday?’ She asked me, ‘You didn’t get kicked out or anything, did you?

African American and Black Women Essay

The article â€Å"Hip-Hop Betrayal of Black Women† was written by Jennifer McLune and appeared in Z magazine Online in the July 2006 issue. McLune argues that sexism in hip-hop’s culture is a big part and has helped make the industry what it is today. This article can be divided into 5 different sections. In the first section, she talks about Kevin Powell and how he writes how men talk about women in hip-hop. McLune goes on to say that even wealthy white boys talked about African American women in their songs, yet its okay with society. The second section she gives examples of entertainers that talk down on women and some that do not. Common, The Roots, and Talib Kweli are the artist are the artist she names that don’t talk bad about women, but they don’t stop other artist from doing so. Also they back up the artist that does degrade women so in reality they aren’t doing enough. Even black female artist are right along with the men talking about other females (McLune, 297). In the following section, McLune talks about the protest that women have done with little help to the situation. The misogyny is an attack on a woman’s character and it makes the black community looks bad as a whole (McLune, 298). The fourth section is about the acceptance of the hip-hop culture towards black women. Everyone makes excuses and tries to justify what’s going on in hip-hop, but few have actual answers to help. At a point black women writers were called traitors for writing articles and complaining about what was going on (McLune, 299). The author concludes that hip-hop thrives around the fact they bash black women and if they didn’t do this then black women would be more respected in today’s society. After careful examination of McLune’s use of rhetorical appeals, evidence of pathos, logos, and ethos were used throughout the article. McLune wrote about the discrimination of black women throughout hip-hop. The dominate rhetorical appeal used by McLune is pathos, which â€Å"is an emotional appeal that involves using language that will stair the feelings of the audience† (Hooper, etal 86). She complains about being a black woman and hearing the excuses for men when they talk about women in hip-hop and how it is just okay with society. McLune is also irate about the fact that Eve, who is a female rapper raps about women in a bad way and doesn’t seem to think that, that is not right. Another type of appeal McLune uses is logos â€Å"which demonstrates an effective use of reason and judicious use of evidence† (Hooper, etal 86). Back in the 60s it was wrong and considered unfair to demonize colored men, but yet the men in today’s society are disrespecting colored women. The author explains how record labels exploit this and benefit off of the disrespect artist show black women. The least used appeal by McLune is ethos â€Å"which establishes the speaker’s or writer’s credibility† (Hooper, etal 86). Hip-hop owes its success to woman hating. Few artist dare to be different and not speak badly about women and the ones that do, they don’t make it clear that they feel it’s disrespectful for rappers to demoralize women which is not good in itself. McLune uses evidence to support her claim, one type of evidence she uses is examples she brings up Jay-Z rap lyrics and how he talks about women in his songs, â€Å"I pimp hard on a trick, look Fuck if your leg broke bitch, hop up on your good leg. † Also talks about good rappers such as Talib Kweli and how he has been praised for his song â€Å"Black Girl Pain†, but at the same time McLune feels he isn’t fully aware of the pain a black girl goes through. Another type is when McLune uses expert opinions such as Kevin Powell, she quotes him in â€Å"Notes of a Hip Hop Head† he writes that you’d think men didn’t like women as much as they talked about them and how they refer to them as baby mommas, chickenheads, or b*****s (McLune, 297). McLune believes that hip-hop has benefitted from the woman bashing and Powell believes that it has spawned on its own terms of making something out of nothing. A third type is comparisons between other women writers that have spoke about this topic whose articles have been pushed away and they have been called traitors for refusing to be silent about the disrespect the rap community has given black women. Finally, several types of rhetorical fallacies are apparent in this article. One type is ad hominem â€Å"which refers to a personal attack on an opponent that draws attention away from the issues under consideration† (Hooper, etal 93). McLune talks about Jay-Z and his rap lyrics how they are degrading women and explains that he is one of the worst ones in the industry. Another type of fallacy is bandwagon â€Å"which is an argument saying, in effect, everyone’s doing or saying or thinking this, so you should, too† (Hooper, etal 93). For example, she says that same rappers don’t talk about women in their raps, but they don’t say anything to the rappers that do. In reality they know if they were to say something to those rappers that they probably would have a hard time getting somewhere in the rap industry. A final type of rhetorical fallacy is red herring â€Å"that means dodging the real issue by drawing attention to an irrelevant one† (Hooper, etal 95). Kevin Powell blames the negatives in hip-hop on everything but the hip-hop culture itself, he thinks it is another reason for that. McLune also talks about rap lyrics that are bad, but doesn’t bring up the good rap lyrics about women. As a result of man’s betrayal of black women in hip-hop the black women is not respected in today’s society which has been talked about in several articles. Another author who addresses this issue is Johnnetta B. Cole in â€Å"What Hip-Hop has done to Black Women† Cole explains that it has been a growing war between Black men and women since the 60s and hip-hop is a significant and influential site of contemporary gender battles (Cole 90). Both authors state that hip-hop has generated a lot of profit from the way that rap artist talk down on black women. We can follow McLune’s proposal to boycott rap music and maybe just maybe they will realize what they are saying in their songs actually have an impact on the black community and that to make things better artist have to respect woman. Music is a big part in everyday life and it would be hard to get everybody on the same page as to boycott it, but something must happen because black women do need to be treated much better by black men. If society can manage to boycott rap music then artist would be forced to listen to the peoples concern and change their music for the better (McLune, 300). Works Cited Cole, Johnnetta B. â€Å"What hip-hop has done to Black women. † Ebony Mar. 2007: 90. Print. Hooper, M. Clay, Teta Banks, D. Marzette, Beth Arnette Wade. Eds. Analytical Writing: A Guide to College Composition I. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. 2011. Print. McLune, Jennifer. â€Å"Hip-Hop’s Betrayal of Black Women. † Analytical Writing: A Guide to College Composition I. Ed. M. Clay Hooper, Teta Banks, D. Marzette, Beth Arnette Wade. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning, 2011. 296-300. Print.

Alcohol Abuse in Africa The Case of Ghana - 1400 Words

Alcohol Abuse in Africa: The Case of Ghana Alcohol is a commonly abused substance in most continents and Africa is no exception. Unlike the United States which has alcohol as the second most commonly used drug, in Africa it is the foremost abused substance. This could be attributed to the fact that most cultural or traditional ceremonies utilize alcohol in one way or another. In Ghana – West Africa – for example, during the naming ceremony of a newborn, the baby is given a drop of alcohol and then a drop of water with the belief that the child will recognize the difference when he grows up. It is common to find alcoholic beverages being served at functions such as birth, death, marriage and promotion on one’s job (Dordoye, 2009).†¦show more content†¦Some of the commercial ones are the schnapps, beer and stout. The sale of the commercial alcoholic beverages is regulated and as a result, they cost more than the non-commercial ones. The non-commercial ones on the other hand, are brewed locall y and not regulated which leads to them being inexpensive and more commonly abused. There are three main non-commercial alcoholic beverages namely Pito, Palm wine, and Akpeteshie. Pito is an alcoholic beverage which is locally brewed using millet. It is traditionally associated with those from the northern region of Ghana, but its production is now common throughout the country due to migration. The brewing of this beverage is mostly controlled by women. Pito varies in taste from slightly sweet to very sour and looks golden yellow to dark brown. It contains 2% to 3% alcohol, some vitamins, proteins, lactic acid, sugars, and amino acids (Adelekan, 2008). This beverage tastes sweet when freshly brewed and has little alcohol content, however, the longer it ferments the more sour it gets and the alcohol content also increases. 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