The Impact of Transportation on the Environment Essay

The Impact of Transportation on the Environment - Essay Example From this paper it is clear thatâ the effect of the transportation business on the earth can be arranged into three classes, for example, direct effect, circuitous effect and combined effect. Direct effect manages quick results of transportation exercises on the earth where the circumstances and logical results relationship is plainly determined or clarified. Roundabout effect clarifies the optional  impact or impact of the transportation exercises on the environment.This exposition talks about thatâ the results of the aberrant effect are higher when contrasted with the outcomes of direct effect of transportation on the earth yet the connection between the direct and the circuitous effect of the transportation on the earth is hard to build up. Total effect can be considered as the multiplicative, added substance or synergic results of transportation exercises on the earth. The combined effects mull over the shifted or various effects of the transportation on the biological system which are commonly unusual in nature.  The transportation industry chose for conversation in this paper is shipping industry.  The shipping industry is regularly financed by open segment particularly through the upkeep and development of street foundation which is commonly liberated from get to. In created nations the natural guidelines have been forced by the administration to lessen the emanation of individual vehicles.

Wachovia information paper -- essays research papers

Are American CEOs Paid Too Much? Are American CEO’s overpaid? As I would like to think, they are. In America today, CEO’s of different organizations are known for their high position and for their significant pay. As indicated by the Business Journal, the normal CEO’s of a S&P 500 firm earned $2.7 million yearly in 1992. By 2000, the normal compensation for these CEOs expanded to in excess of 400 percent totaling to around $14 million every year. When contrasted with normal specialists, the boost in compensation is much progressively emotional. Is this expansion legitimate? In 1992, CEOs were paid multiple times the normal of hands on laborers. In 2004, this sum expanded to more than multiple times. As per the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the normal creation specialist fared less well in 2003. Their yearly compensation was $26,899 in 2003, up only 2.1% from 2002. The normal laborer brought home $517 in their week by week check in 2003; the normal huge organization CEO’s brought home $155,769 in their week after week pay. On the off chance that the lowest pay permitted by law had expanded as fast as CEO pay since 1990, it would be $15.71 every hour today. This is multiple occasions the present the lowest pay permitted by law of $5.15 60 minutes. While laborers are progressively on edge about their employer stability, and how they will pay the increasing expenses of everything from medical coverage to lodging, from school to gas, corporate administrators keep on separating themselves from the considerations and stresses of those they lead. It sends a poor message to request cost cutting from the plant floor, while costs in the ...

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What? So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What?Filing for bankruptcy isnt fun, but it can also mean a fresh start. People who are drowning in debt and unable to make their payments should strongly consider it.Your financial life is bound to be full of ups and downs. One day you’ll be celebrating a raise with a lovely dinner at a fancy restaurant only to have your car break down on the way home. The cost of the repairs wipes out the raise and then some, and now you’re worse off than when you started.Sometimes you end up with multiple downturns in a row. And if those downturns don’t have any upturns in between them, well, this is how people end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like title loans, payday loans, and cash advances) to make ends meetâ€"but only succeed in driving themselves even further into debt.As your debt grows, eventually it will get so big that you can no longer afford your payments. Forget paying that personal loan off ah ead of schedule, you cant pay it off  on-schedule! Once your money situation gets bad enough,  youll find yourself without many options.One of your few remaining options, however, could be filing for bankruptcy.And while bankruptcy sounds scary, the option exists to help you. So when should you consider bankruptcy? And what comes next you if you do decide to declare it?What is bankruptcy?Before we get into whether you should consider declaring bankruptcy, let’s just make sure we understand what it is. We’ll only address personal bankruptcy in this article, of which there are two primary kinds.The two main types of personal bankruptcy are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 allows you to discharge almost all of your debts, but you’ll have to pass a means test first to show your income is too low to actually pay those debts. You’ll also have to hand over whatever liquid assets you have to pay off as much debt as possible before it’s discharged.If your means are too great to pass the means test, you could still declare Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 bankruptcy will require you to submit a payment plan to a bankruptcy court, and if it’s approved, you’ll be able to pay off those debts over the next three to five years.So how do you know if it’s time for you to declare bankruptcy?How to know it’s time to declare bankruptcy.Declaring bankruptcy isn’t as easy as the television would have you believe. Every situation is different, so it’s important to examine whether bankruptcy is the best option in your personal situation. Ideally, you’ll want to consult a bankruptcy attorney to give you guidance.“In general, bankruptcy is a legal action in federal court meant to protect the consumer from his or her creditors,” explained Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS). “Most commonly, filers are trying to protect their home from foreclosure, but they may also be attempting to protect their vehicle (whic h is often a bad financial move) and, more importantly, their wages from garnishment.“If a consumer cannot pay their bills on their own, cannot negotiate better repayment terms with their creditors, and cannot work out a debt management plan with a nonprofit credit counseling agency (like those found at FCAA.org), bankruptcy is usually the nextâ€"and lastâ€"step.”If you do think bankruptcy could be right for you, there are a few steps you’ll have to go through.“Meet with a credit counseling agency approved by the US Department of Justice’s Executive Office of the US Trustee to complete a budget briefing and obtain the required certificate of credit counseling,” outlined Christensen. “The thought back in 2005 when Congress added this and other requirements to the bankruptcy filing process was that meeting with a credit counselor might hopefully steer some consumers away from bankruptcy if it was not necessary, and have them instead pay off 100 percent of their debts thr ough a credit counselor.“If bankruptcy is still the most logical step, the consumer either meets with a bankruptcy attorney or completes the court paperwork (each district court has its own fees required to pay with the petition, as well as its own fee waiver policies).“After the case is filed, the consumer must attend the 341 meeting of the creditors. Before the case is discharged and the consumer is relieved of his or her responsibility to pay the debts, he or she must complete a 2-hour debtor education course approved by the same US Department of Justice office.”And then you’ll have declared bankruptcy.So now what?You’ve successfully declared bankruptcy. What comes next?Leslie H. Tayne Esq. (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), offered some actions to take and suggestions for living that   post-bankruptcy life:“Bankruptcy stays on your credit report for up to 10 years, which could make getting new credit difficult for tha t period of time. Your credit score will definitely take a hit from filing bankruptcy, but how much it drops will depend on your individual situation. If you had good credit before filing, bankruptcy will likely have a more profound impact on your credit than if you had poor credit. It will take time for your credit to recover from bankruptcy. You may consider opening a secured credit card to start rebuilding.“If you have accounts discharged during bankruptcy, they will now have a zero balance but will show up as discharged on your credit report, which may be frowned upon by lenders and creditors. However, ‘discharged’ will likely be looked upon more favorably than an account that’s marked as unpaid or past due.“After you’ve filed for bankruptcy, you’ll need to get back on track and adjust to your new financial situation. The first step will be to sit down and rewrite your budget. Your budget may have been the root of the problem that led to bankruptcy in the first pla ce, so you’ll want to think critically and carefully when reviewing it. Take time to identify where the issues may have been and what you may be able to do to improve in those areas now that you have a chance for a fresh start.“Because you may have had trouble managing your finances previously, you may want to enlist some help after bankruptcy from a financial attorney or a financial expert to help you avoid falling back into the same habits.”You still have rights.Aside from the more general advice, there’s also a specific law you may want to familiarize yourself with.“Much of my practice consists of suing creditors and debt collectors for violating bankruptcy discharge orders or consumer protection laws, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and state consumer collection practices laws,” explained  consumer protection attorney  Donald E. Petersen.“Consumers who have dischar ged a debt in bankruptcy and surrendered any collateral securing the debt should not be receiving calls or letters from the creditor (or debt collector) about the discharged accounts.“The TCPA requires that companies using an Automated Telephone Dialing System (ATDS) or prerecorded or artificial voice when calling a cell phone must have the cell phone users prior express consent. Consumers who file bankruptcy typically provided the caller (or the callers principal or predecessor in interest) express consent by furnishing their cell phone number to the creditor.“If a creditor (or debt collector) continues to call about a debt that the consumer discharged, the consumer should tell them ‘stop calling me’ rather than ‘call my bankruptcy attorney.’  Here is why.“Many, if not most, bankruptcy courts will require the discharged creditors to pay the consumer very little compensation for the aggravation that the creditors constant calls and letters continue to cause. The TCPA, however, provides that once the borrower revokes consent (i.e, tells the caller ‘stop calling’) the caller is liable for $500 per call and, if the violation is willful, an additional amount of up to $1,000 or, equivalently, $ 1,500 per call.”Going into bankruptcy is never going to be fun. But if you’ve exhausted every other option, it can be the beginning of a brand new start. To learn more about how you can improve your financial situation moving forward, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of DebtNeed Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAuthor and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc . (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Donald E. Petersen  is an Orlando, Florida trial lawyer who represents consumers against companies who violate their rights under the  Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,  Fair Credit Reporting Act and other consumer protection laws.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experience in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Gro up  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What

So Youre Considering Bankruptcy ... Now What So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What? So Youre Considering Bankruptcy Now What?Filing for bankruptcy isnt fun, but it can also mean a fresh start. People who are drowning in debt and unable to make their payments should strongly consider it.Your financial life is bound to be full of ups and downs. One day you’ll be celebrating a raise with a lovely dinner at a fancy restaurant only to have your car break down on the way home. The cost of the repairs wipes out the raise and then some, and now you’re worse off than when you started.Sometimes you end up with multiple downturns in a row. And if those downturns don’t have any upturns in between them, well, this is how people end up relying on predatory no credit check loans and short-term bad credit loans (like title loans, payday loans, and cash advances) to make ends meetâ€"but only succeed in driving themselves even further into debt.As your debt grows, eventually it will get so big that you can no longer afford your payments. Forget paying that personal loan off ah ead of schedule, you cant pay it off  on-schedule! Once your money situation gets bad enough,  youll find yourself without many options.One of your few remaining options, however, could be filing for bankruptcy.And while bankruptcy sounds scary, the option exists to help you. So when should you consider bankruptcy? And what comes next you if you do decide to declare it?What is bankruptcy?Before we get into whether you should consider declaring bankruptcy, let’s just make sure we understand what it is. We’ll only address personal bankruptcy in this article, of which there are two primary kinds.The two main types of personal bankruptcy are Chapter 7 and Chapter 13. Chapter 7 allows you to discharge almost all of your debts, but you’ll have to pass a means test first to show your income is too low to actually pay those debts. You’ll also have to hand over whatever liquid assets you have to pay off as much debt as possible before it’s discharged.If your means are too great to pass the means test, you could still declare Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Chapter 13 bankruptcy will require you to submit a payment plan to a bankruptcy court, and if it’s approved, you’ll be able to pay off those debts over the next three to five years.So how do you know if it’s time for you to declare bankruptcy?How to know it’s time to declare bankruptcy.Declaring bankruptcy isn’t as easy as the television would have you believe. Every situation is different, so it’s important to examine whether bankruptcy is the best option in your personal situation. Ideally, you’ll want to consult a bankruptcy attorney to give you guidance.“In general, bankruptcy is a legal action in federal court meant to protect the consumer from his or her creditors,” explained Todd Christensen, education manager for  Money Fit by DRS, Inc. (@MoneyFitbyDRS). “Most commonly, filers are trying to protect their home from foreclosure, but they may also be attempting to protect their vehicle (whic h is often a bad financial move) and, more importantly, their wages from garnishment.“If a consumer cannot pay their bills on their own, cannot negotiate better repayment terms with their creditors, and cannot work out a debt management plan with a nonprofit credit counseling agency (like those found at FCAA.org), bankruptcy is usually the nextâ€"and lastâ€"step.”If you do think bankruptcy could be right for you, there are a few steps you’ll have to go through.“Meet with a credit counseling agency approved by the US Department of Justice’s Executive Office of the US Trustee to complete a budget briefing and obtain the required certificate of credit counseling,” outlined Christensen. “The thought back in 2005 when Congress added this and other requirements to the bankruptcy filing process was that meeting with a credit counselor might hopefully steer some consumers away from bankruptcy if it was not necessary, and have them instead pay off 100 percent of their debts thr ough a credit counselor.“If bankruptcy is still the most logical step, the consumer either meets with a bankruptcy attorney or completes the court paperwork (each district court has its own fees required to pay with the petition, as well as its own fee waiver policies).“After the case is filed, the consumer must attend the 341 meeting of the creditors. Before the case is discharged and the consumer is relieved of his or her responsibility to pay the debts, he or she must complete a 2-hour debtor education course approved by the same US Department of Justice office.”And then you’ll have declared bankruptcy.So now what?You’ve successfully declared bankruptcy. What comes next?Leslie H. Tayne Esq. (@LeslieHTayneEsq), Founder and Head Attorney at  Tayne Law Group  (@taynelawgroup), offered some actions to take and suggestions for living that   post-bankruptcy life:“Bankruptcy stays on your credit report for up to 10 years, which could make getting new credit difficult for tha t period of time. Your credit score will definitely take a hit from filing bankruptcy, but how much it drops will depend on your individual situation. If you had good credit before filing, bankruptcy will likely have a more profound impact on your credit than if you had poor credit. It will take time for your credit to recover from bankruptcy. You may consider opening a secured credit card to start rebuilding.“If you have accounts discharged during bankruptcy, they will now have a zero balance but will show up as discharged on your credit report, which may be frowned upon by lenders and creditors. However, ‘discharged’ will likely be looked upon more favorably than an account that’s marked as unpaid or past due.“After you’ve filed for bankruptcy, you’ll need to get back on track and adjust to your new financial situation. The first step will be to sit down and rewrite your budget. Your budget may have been the root of the problem that led to bankruptcy in the first pla ce, so you’ll want to think critically and carefully when reviewing it. Take time to identify where the issues may have been and what you may be able to do to improve in those areas now that you have a chance for a fresh start.“Because you may have had trouble managing your finances previously, you may want to enlist some help after bankruptcy from a financial attorney or a financial expert to help you avoid falling back into the same habits.”You still have rights.Aside from the more general advice, there’s also a specific law you may want to familiarize yourself with.“Much of my practice consists of suing creditors and debt collectors for violating bankruptcy discharge orders or consumer protection laws, including the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA), Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), and state consumer collection practices laws,” explained  consumer protection attorney  Donald E. Petersen.“Consumers who have dischar ged a debt in bankruptcy and surrendered any collateral securing the debt should not be receiving calls or letters from the creditor (or debt collector) about the discharged accounts.“The TCPA requires that companies using an Automated Telephone Dialing System (ATDS) or prerecorded or artificial voice when calling a cell phone must have the cell phone users prior express consent. Consumers who file bankruptcy typically provided the caller (or the callers principal or predecessor in interest) express consent by furnishing their cell phone number to the creditor.“If a creditor (or debt collector) continues to call about a debt that the consumer discharged, the consumer should tell them ‘stop calling me’ rather than ‘call my bankruptcy attorney.’  Here is why.“Many, if not most, bankruptcy courts will require the discharged creditors to pay the consumer very little compensation for the aggravation that the creditors constant calls and letters continue to cause. The TCPA, however, provides that once the borrower revokes consent (i.e, tells the caller ‘stop calling’) the caller is liable for $500 per call and, if the violation is willful, an additional amount of up to $1,000 or, equivalently, $ 1,500 per call.”Going into bankruptcy is never going to be fun. But if you’ve exhausted every other option, it can be the beginning of a brand new start. To learn more about how you can improve your financial situation moving forward, check out these other posts and articles from OppLoans:Building Your Financial Life: Budgeting for Beginners10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousThe Debt Snowball Method Can Help You Get out of DebtNeed Cash Fast? Try These 10 Great Side HustlesDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |  InstagramContributorsAuthor and Accredited Financial Counselor ®, Todd R. Christensen, MIM, MA, is Education Manager at  Money Fit by DRS, Inc . (@MoneyFitbyDRS), a nationwide nonprofit financial wellness and credit counseling agency. Todd develops educational programs and produces materials that teach personal financial skills and responsibilities to all ages. Having facilitated nearly two thousand workshops since 2004 on the fundamentals of effective money management, he based his first book, Everyday Money for Everyday People (2014), on the discussions, tips, stories and ideas shared by the tens of thousands of individuals and couples in attendance.Donald E. Petersen  is an Orlando, Florida trial lawyer who represents consumers against companies who violate their rights under the  Telephone Consumer Protection Act, Fair Debt Collection Practices Act,  Fair Credit Reporting Act and other consumer protection laws.Leslie H. Tayne, Esq.  (@LeslieHTayneEsq) has nearly 20 years’ experience in the practice area of consumer and business financial debt-related services. Leslie is the founder and head attorney at  Tayne Law Gro up  (@taynelawgroup), which specializes in debt relief.

Essay on Bioethics - 1696 Words

Bioethics nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progress in the pharmacological, medical and biological sciences involves experimentation on all living species, including animals and humans. The effectiveness of medications investigative procedures and treatments must at some point be tested on animals and human beings. Although tests are conducted much more frequently on lab animals, especially those most related to humans, they do not provide sufficient information. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The history of medicine shows that there has always been a need for experimentation on human beings. Examples of these consist of the inoculation of Newgate prisoners in 1721, who had been condemned to death with Smallpox. In 1796, Edward Jenner, also†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since we are in Canada, there are two categories of law dealing with regulating experimentation. The first is Federal and Provincial Legislation. The second consists of documents, codes of ethics and reports, which while not necessarily enforceable, strongly urge researchers experiments on human subjects to observe certain standards of conduct. A.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;FEDERAL AND PROVINCIAL LEGISLATION nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms governs here. Some of its provisions in effect make certain kinds of experiments illegal. quot;Any experimental activity which endangers the protected values is thereof illegal.quot;~ Another is according to current case law, quot;treatmentquot; may be broadly construed rather than being limited to therapy.~ nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Criminal sanctions dealing with offences against the person make it possible to penalize those causing harm to a subject who has not given valid consent to an experiment. Explaining this, many experiments on humans are legal and performed everyday. No experiment is performed without a purpose. The most common is during surgery, the patients give valid consent to have experiments conducted on them during the operation. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With respect to medications, citizens of Canada are given protection by the Food and Drug Act. These laws control new medications into the market. AlthoughShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Bioethics1126 Words   |  5 Pagespatient. In the 1960’s, it was proven that bioethics was the cornerstone of ethical issues and all of them were driven by problems stemming from advances in medicine and biology. These issues were moving from the old ways of medical ethics which brought about bioethics to capture these complexities. Bioethics captured this wide net moving from intimate doctor relationships at the patient’s bedside to making public decisions regarding healthcare. Bioethics engages in debates when it concerns patientRead MoreThe Ethics Of The Bioethics1094 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction. â€Å"Bioethics† has been used in the last twenty years to describe a study of ways in which decisions in medicine and science touch our health, lives, as well our society, and environment. Bioethics is concerned with questions about basic human values such as the rights to life and health, and the rightness or wrongness of certain developments in healthcare institutions, life technology, and medicine. For this week s assignment, I will conduct independent research for current bioethicalRead MoreBioethics And The Rest Of Us1982 Words   |  8 PagesBioethics and the rest of us What is Ethics? According to Encyclopaedia Britannica, it is a systematic study of what is right and wrong. This definition refers to the prehistoric times when men received laws in supernatural circumstances, like the code of Hammurabi and the Ten Commandments. They contained moral codes on human relationship. What is Bioethics? The term bioethics which has a Greek etymology, Bio-origin and Ethos –behaviour was coined in 1926 by Fritz Jahr, a German Protestant theologianRead MoreBioethics in Medicine, Exemplified by the Karen Ann Quinlan Case882 Words   |  4 PagesIt is accepted that the advances in resuscitation techniques, initiated and influenced the evolution of bioethics by bringing to the fore the questions of: (i) just allocation of scarce medical resource, health care (ii) the nature of â€Å"being†, and (iii) the proper purpose of medicine. The main issues that caused the emergence, or the study and introduction of bioethics was the introduction of modern technology in medicine in the form of respirators and artificial heart machines. The media attentionRead More Bioethics1895 Words   |  8 Pagesmore about what the treatment entails she might change her mind about it. References: Mappes, Thomas A., David Degrazia. Biomedical Ethics – Fifth Edition. Fairfield, PA: Mc-Graw Hill Higher Education. 2001 Robert, Jason Scott. Lecture. Bioethics. LSE 106, ASU, Tempe, AZ Read MoreEthical and Religious Article Reviews1132 Words   |  4 Pagesin later historical settings. Pence, Gregory E. Classic Cases in Medical Ethics: Accounts of Cases That Have Shaped Medical Ethics, with Philosophical, Legal, and Historical Bacgrounds. Boston, Mass: McGraw-Hill, 2004. EHRLICH, PAUL R. 2003. Bioethics: Are Our Priorities RightQuest. BioScience. 53, no. 12: 1207-1216. This article expresses how neither biologists nor non biologists in todays society square measure paying adequate attention to the escalating moral problems raised by the humanRead MoreHistory Of American Medical Ethics825 Words   |  4 Pageshistory of American medical ethics dates back four centuries (Baker, 2013), it is critical to differentiate between what was strictly medical ethics; the ethics between physician and patient, physician and physician, and physician and community versus bioethics: all of the aforementioned with the addition of scientific research involving human subjects â€Å"†¦in reaction to researchers’ exploitation of vulnerable populations, most notably the 399 African-American males deceived into serving as research subjectsRead MorePersuasive Speech : Physician Assisted Suicide1308 Words   |  6 Pagesunbelievable suffering as well as some terminally ill patients who are enduring lesser but still severe suffering need this legal right, for they cannot escape from their suffering without it† (Wellman, 23). i. Teresa Yao from The National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly in the Autumn of 2016 stated that â€Å"two reasons – the avoidance of suffering and the exercise of individual autonomy – are the primary justifications cited by advocates of assisted suicide† (Yao, 386). b. According to Timothy Quill andRead MoreBioethical Issues on Genetically Modified Organisms (Gmos) in Malaysia: Biting Into the Legal Protection Under the Biosafety Act 20074399 Words   |  18 PagesAct in protecting such concerns representing wider societal interests and welfare, would in some ways, vanquish the protectionist principles the 2007 Act intended to uphold and the balancing role that the 2007 Act was intended to play. Keywords- Bioethics, Biotechnology, GMOs, Biosafety, Legal Protection. I. INTRODUCTION Biotechnology has become the major industry in the world in the last few decades with rapid advancements (Mike, 2007). However, the introduction of Genetically Modified OrganismsRead MoreEvolution of Medical Practice Essay939 Words   |  4 PagesGreat Cases IN BIOETHICS Fall, 2005 Professor Paul A. Lombardo Center for Biomedical Ethics Office: University Hospital, Davis 5337 Phone: 982-4227 pal8g@virginia.edu Texts 1) Great Cases in Bioethics, compiled edited by Paul A. Lombardo (2005) [available at the law school copy center] 2) Limits: The Role of Law in Bioethical Decisionmaking, by Roger B. Dworkin (Indiana, 1996) Strangers at the Bedside: A History of How Law and Bioethics Transformed the Practice

Apollo 11 Landing a Man on the Moon

In July  1969 the world watched as NASA  launched three men on a trip to land on the Moon. The mission was called Apollo 11. It was the culmination of a series of Gemini launches to Earth orbit, followed by Apollo  missions. In each one, astronauts tested and practiced the actions they needed  to make a trip to the Moon and come back safely.   Apollo 11 was launched on top of the of the most powerful rockets ever designed: the Saturn V. Today they are museum pieces, but back in the days of the Apollo  program, they were THE way to get to space.   First Steps The trip to the Moon was a first for the U.S., which was locked in a battle for space supremacy with the former Soviet Union  (now the Russian Federation).  The so-called Space Race began when the Soviets launched Sputnik on October 4, 1957. They followed up with other launches and succeeded in putting the first person in space, astronaut Yuri Gagarin, on April 12, 1961. The U.S. president John F. Kennedy upped the stakes by announcing on September 12, 1962, that the countrys fledgling space program would put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade. The most quoted part of his speech asserted as much:   We choose to go to the Moon. We choose to go to the Moon in this decade and do the other things not because they are easy, but because they are hard... That announcement set in place a race to bring the best scientists and engineers together. That required science education and a scientifically literate populace. And, by the end of the decade, when Apollo 11 touched down on the Moon, much of world was aware of the methods of space exploration. The mission was incredibly difficult. NASA had to build and launch a safe vehicle containing three astronauts. The  same command and lunar modules had to cross the distance between Earth and the Moon: 238,000 miles (384,000 kilometers). Then, it  had to be inserted into orbit around the Moon. The  lunar module had to separate and head for the lunar surface. After executing their surface mission, the astronauts had to return to lunar orbit and rejoin the command module for the trip back to Earth. The actual landing on the Moon on July 20th turned out to be more dangerous than everyone expected. The chosen landing site in Mare Tranquilitatis (Sea of Tranquility)  was covered with boulders.  Astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin had to maneuver to find a good place. (Astronaut Michael Collins stayed in orbit in the Command Module.)  With just a few seconds of fuel left, they landed safely and broadcast their first greeting back to a waiting Earth with Neil Armstrongs famous announcement that he and Aldrin were representing all mankind.   One Small Step... A few hours later, Neil Armstrong took the first steps out of the lander and onto the surface of the Moon. It was a momentous event watched by millions of people around the world. For most in the U.S., it was affirmation that the country had won the Space Race.   The Apollo 11 mission astronauts did the first science experiments on the Moon and gathered a collection of lunar rocks to bring back for study on Earth. They reported on what it was like to live and work in the lower gravity of the Moon, and gave people the first up-close look at our neighbor in space. And, they set the stage for more Apollo missions to explore the lunar surface.   Apollos Legacy The legacy of the Apollo 11 mission continues to be felt. Mission preparations and practices created for that trip are still in use, with modifications and refinements by astronauts around the world. Based on the first rocks brought back from the Moon, planners for such missions as LROC and LCROSS were able to plan their science investigations. We have an International Space Station, thousands of satellites in orbit, robot spacecraft have traversed the solar system to study distant worlds up close and personal. The space shuttle program, developed during the last years of the  Apollo  Moon  missions, took hundreds of people to space and accomplished great things. The astronauts and space agencies of other countries learned from NASA — and NASA learned from them as time went by. Space exploration began to feel more multi-cultural, which continues today. Yes, there were tragedies along the way: rocket explosions, fatal shuttle accidents, and launchpad deaths. But, the space agencies of the world learned from those mistakes and used their knowledge to advance their launch systems.   The most enduring return from the Apollo 11 mission is the knowledge that when humans put their minds to do a difficult project in space, they can do it. Going to space creates jobs, advances knowledge, and changes human beings. Every country with a space program knows this.  The technical expertise, the educational boosts, the increased interest in space are, in large part, legacies of the Apollo 11 mission. The first steps of July 20-21, 1969 reverberate from that time to this.   Edited by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Dominican Republic and Haiti - 3970 Words

The Dominican Republic and Haiti Imagine yourself as a businessperson on a trip to the island of Hispaniola to check on how production is faring. You land in Santo Domingo to transfer to a short commuter flight to Port-au-Prince. During the flight, you gaze outside your window to admire the breathtaking view of the Sierra de Baoruco, with its luscious forests. As the plane approaches the Haiti-Dominican Republic border, you notice that the land has been completely denuded of trees directly on the other side of the border, creating a clear demarcation between Haiti and the Dominican Republic. This physical border is only one indication of the clear contrast between the two countries that share Hispaniola. According†¦show more content†¦During Napoleon’s reign in France, Napoleon sought to control the entire island of Hispaniola through control of Spain and the reacquisition of Haiti. Harsh rule by the governors-general induced loyalists to form the movement La Reconquista to rise up in order to restore Spanish sovereignty. (Metibag 91) Though the colony was returned to Spain in 1809, weak support led to a decay in colonial infrastructure, leading to a revolt, led by Josà © Nà ºÃƒ ±ez de Cà ¡ceres and Don Manuel Carvajal, which declared â€Å"Spanish Haiti† independent. However, the new nation was vulnerable, and Boyer immediately seized on the opportunity to unite the island for security purposes, seeking to impose â€Å"Haitianization† on Santo Domingo economically and politically. Such aspects of â€Å"Haitianization† included abolition of slavery, land redistribution, settlement of Haitians, and forced cultivation of crops in a region dominated by cattle ranchers. (Moya Pons 123, 133) An insurrection group named los trinitarios seized on the discontent of the Dominican people in the 1830s and 1840s, leading to independence in 1844. (Black 19) The new republic was founded on anti-Haitianism in reaction to the occupation and control by a commercial bourgeoisie, which inevitably caused factioning among supporters of independence and protectionism by Spain. Authoritarianism was employed by the factions—the protectionists,Show MoreRelatedHaiti And The Dominican Republic Essay1581 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The caribbean is where a small island, contains two countries within its borders and a long history of conflict. Haiti and the Dominican Republic are two different country, with completely different cultures, from religion, to the food they eat, Two countries, with two different, yet correlating stories. A story of conflict is what unites these two countries. 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